What is the impact of maternal malnutrition on the fetus? How do pregnant women know if they have enough nutrition

If female friends successfully conceive and become expectant mothers, they should pay more attention to diet matching. Many expectant mothers have been careful to eat, but are informed of malnutrition during every prenatal check up. So, what are the hazards of pregnant women lacking nutrition? How do pregnant women measure nutrient deficiencies?

What are the hazards of pregnant women lacking nutrition?

1. Anemia

About 20% of urban pregnant and lying in women suffer from severe differential anemia symptoms, while the incidence rate in rural areas is higher than 40%, mainly due to lack of iron, folic acid or vitamin B12. Anemia during pregnancy not only affects the health of pregnant women, but also affects the growth and development of the fetus and postnatal neurobehavioral and intellectual levels.

2. Hypertension during pregnancy and malnutrition

Pregnancy induced hypertension is a special type of pregnancy disorder. The incidence rate is about 7%~12%, which is one of the important reasons for the death of pregnant women and abdominal infants. The etiology is not yet clear, but it is generally believed to be related to genetics, immunity, anemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, calcium, magnesium, and other factors. Pregnancy induced hypertension can cause changes in various organs throughout the body. If not diagnosed in a timely manner, it can cause serious adverse consequences.

3. Malnutrition affects pregnancy

Malnutrition is closely related to miscarriage, premature birth, and premature rupture of membranes in women. Severe deficiencies in protein, vitamins, and trace elements can cause miscarriage. The reduction of copper ions in the diet of pregnant women can reduce the synthesis of collagen fibers in fibroblasts, reduce membrane elasticity, improve membrane fragility, increase the rate of premature rupture of membranes, and reduce serum zinc concentration in pregnant women to delay pregnancy.

4. Fetal malformation

China is one of the countries with a high birth rate of fetal malformations. The number of newborns per year is approximately 1.6 million. About 800000 to 1 million fetuses have obvious defects, and the causes of fetal malformations are complex. However, the relationship between nutrition and fetal malformations has always been a concern, such as folate deficiency, which can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and even neonatal cleft lip, palate, and neural tube defects.

5. Malnutrition may lead to intellectual decline

Experts have found that if an embryo suffers from malnutrition, the number of brain cells only accounts for 82% of the total number of good brain cells. If the fetus suffers from malnutrition, even if nutrition improves after birth, intelligence is difficult to recover. If long-term malnutrition occurs, the brain, cerebellum, or brainstem will lag far behind normal infants.

How do pregnant women self test whether they lack nutrients?