Post Date July, 14 2023
What is gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a general term for gonococcal urethritis. It is a sexually transmitted disease with a long history and is common among young men and women.
People have discovered such diseases since ancient times, and there is always such a description in the Quran. Since the 17th century, Boswell has vividly described his own illness, persistent symptoms, and medical treatment. John Hunter (1728 1793) believed that the type of disease can be determined based on the location of the infection, such as gonorrhea occurring on the mucous membrane, and mycotoxin chancre occurring on the skin. According to such fantasies, he transferred the thick liquid of a gonorrhea patient to his own hand, because the patient was also infected with mold, so John Hunter was also infected with gonorrhea and mold, and ultimately died of mold induced arteritis.
In China, from the 2nd to 3rd century before the park, the "Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon Su Wen" recorded: "If there is no harmony between the two, it is the dragon. In the second year of the new century, Zhang Zhongjing described gonorrhea in his "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber": a small discharge resembling a pulp, a tight stomach, and pain in the navel. In the General Theory of Various Pathogenic Fungi, the Chao Yuan Fang of the Sui Dynasty classified gonorrhea into seven types, namely stone gonorrhea, qi gonorrhea, ointment gonorrhea, tuberculosis gonorrhea, gonorrhea, blood gonorrhea, and cold gonorrhea, and classified ointment gonorrhea as subacute gonorrhea and tuberculosis gonorrhea as chronic gonorrhea.
Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the incidence of gonorrhea in some major cities in China was around 20%. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, patients had already gone extinct in early 1953. In 1960, most of the end-stage patients underwent investigation and universal treatment, and by 1964, gonorrhea had basically subsided. Because gonorrhea is the highest incidence of reproductive tract infections worldwide, the incidence of contact is high, the risk period is short, and the number of cases can increase exponentially in a short period of time. Due to the emergence of cephalosporin resistant strains of gonorrhea in West Africa and the Asia Pacific region in 1976, there has been a continuous upward trend in the global development of gonorrhea. Since 1975 in China, gonorrhea has caused anxiety and a gradual parallel increase in patients, making it a key sexually transmitted disease. In Suzhou, sexually transmitted diseases are mainly caused by gonorrhea, accounting for about 90% of sexually transmitted disease patients.
The pathogen of gonorrhea is Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which was first isolated from Neisseria in 1879, so it is also called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is renal shaped, with two concave surfaces that are relatively similar in size, approximately 0.7 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. This is a carbon dioxide loving aerobic bacterium that shows negative Gram staining. It is most suitable for growth and development in a damp and cold natural environment with a temperature of 35 ℃ and a content of 2.5% to 5% carbon dioxide. There are often multinucleated white blood cells, elliptical or spherical in shape, often arranged in pairs, without flagella, membranes, or spores. They have poor resistance to external physical and chemical standards and are afraid of dryness. They can die within 1-2 hours in a dry and irritable natural environment. It is easy to die under high or ultra-low temperature standards. The resistance to various organic chemical disinfectants is also too weak.
All normal adult male urethra is 15~18cm long. The navicular fossa mucosa is composed of squamous cells, the anterior urethra mucosa is composed of columnar cells, and the posterior urethra and bladder light mucosa are composed of transitional epithelium cells. The sorting and hierarchy of cells have varying resistance to pathogens. The boat shaped fossa is composed of multiple layers of squamous cells, which have a greater resistance to gonococcus. The columnar cells of the anterior urethra are arranged in a single-sided structure, and once infected, pathogenic bacteria can enter the submucosal layer through the intercellular space, causing severe disease. The transitional epithelium cells in the posterior urethra and bladder triangle area cannot stretch freely and are vulnerable to erosion due to the limitation of anatomical structure. The triangle area of the bladder light wall is very elastic, and transitional epithelium cells can open squamous cells. They are never harmed by gonococcus.
After entering the urethra, Neisseria gonorrhoeae quickly binds to the urethral epithelial cells with its pili, protein II, and lGal lyase. The protein from the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is transferred to the membrane of the urethral epithelial cells, where Neisseria gonorrhoeae is engulfed by columnar epithelial cells and then transferred to the lower layer of the cell mucosa. Based on the synergistic effect of toxin accumulation, lipopolysaccharide, complement, and lGm, inflammatory sensation is caused at this point. After 36 hours, severe mucosal swelling was caused and thick fluid appeared, with white blood cells concentrated around the bacterial community. After the bacteria enter the urethral duct and crypt, they can also originate from the deeper layers of the mucosal layer and the lower layers of the tissue. The opening of each glandular fossa and fossa is the main pathway for bacteria to enter, and the clinical manifestations are more severe than other locations. The opening of the glandular duct fossa is often blocked, and essential materials should not be leaked, leading to cysts in the glandular and fossa.
After the inflammatory sensation, most of the urethral mucosa shrinks, and the submucosa tissue and even the cavernous body of the penis are also damaged, resulting in urethritis, vasculitis, lymphadenitis and cervical lymphadenitis. During repair, all destroyed cells are replaced by squamous cells, resulting in thickened mucosa, delayed aphrodisiac function, and easy bleeding. When the submucosal layer, glandular fossa, and surrounding structures are eroded, they are often replaced by hooves. If the infection is severe or persistent, fibrotic processes can occur, resulting in urethral stricture.
Warm hearted advice:
In the 1950s, many people believed that partial cleaning therapy was used to treat gonococcal anterior urethritis, but the actual effect of partial cleaning was not very good, and it would cause anterior urethritis to spread out of the posterior urethra, resulting in subacute posterior urethritis.
How is gonorrhea transmitted
The key to gonorrhea is the spread of sexual behavior, with a risk period of 2-14 days for males and 7-12 days for females. The incidence of male to female transmission during sexual intercourse is 50% to 90%, while female to male transmission is 25% to 50%. The incidence is directly proportional to the frequency of sexual intercourse. So how can gonorrhea be transmitted?
Firstly, it is important to understand the pathogenic bacteria of gonorrhea, Gonococcus gonorrhoeae. Its performance will be related to how gonorrhea is transmitted. Neisseria gonorrhoeae has a very weak resistance to external factors and is most suitable for growth and development in a damp and cold environment with a temperature close to human body temperature and a natural environment containing appropriate carbon dioxide. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is not resistant to dryness, and can die within 1-2 hours in a dry natural environment. Nowadays, people can have a clear understanding of how gonorrhea is transmitted!
Firstly, it is transmitted through sexual intercourse and other sexual activities. Basically, all male patients are infected through sexual intercourse, and sexual intercourse transmission is a key cause in women. Sexual intercourse transmission has the characteristics of rapid transmission and high prevalence, mainly among young people.
Secondly, simplify the transmission. This type of condition is relatively rare, and the key is to transmit it based on the patient's presence of essential substances of gonococcal bacteria or objects contaminated by the environment. Newborn babies can be infected according to the birth canal of their sick mother, causing gonococcal ophthalmia in newborns.
Warm hearted advice:
During the entire process of transmission of gonorrhea, men are prone to transmission to women, which is related to the unique physiological natural environment inside the vagina of women. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of gonorrhea, it is necessary to keep oneself clean.
