What are the modes of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases? Beware of 5 ways of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases are the second most common infectious disease, and many people are very afraid of this disease. So what is the mode of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases? What kind of contact can cause sexually transmitted diseases? Let's take a look below.

Sexually transmitted diseases are rapidly spreading in China and have become the second most common infectious disease. The epidemic affects coastal, urban, inland, and rural areas, with most patients being young and middle-aged. Gonorrhea, non gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, syphilis are the main diseases, and the number of people infected with AIDS virus (HIV) is also increasing. Common modes of transmission include:

1. Sexual transmission

Sexual behavior, including kissing and touching, can spread STD and is the main route of transmission. A variety of pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, AIDS virus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, vaginal trichomonas, can exist in vaginal secretions and semen, and the disease of one sexual partner can be transmitted to the other through sexual behavior; Although pathogens such as syphilis, genital herpes, and chancre do not exist in semen, they can be transmitted through direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes. Women are more susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases than men. People with long foreskin are more likely to be infected with sexually transmitted diseases.

What are the modes of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases

2. Non sexual contact transmission

There are a large number of pathogens in the secretions of sexually transmitted disease patients, and indirect contact with clothing, utensils, items, bedding, toilets, etc. contaminated by pathogen carriers or patients' urinary and reproductive tract secretions may also be infected.

3. Bloodborne transmission

AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus infection can be transmitted through blood transfusion. Infusion of blood containing the aforementioned pathogens can generally have a transmission probability of over 95%, with a short incubation period, rapid onset, severe symptoms, and multiple complications. Whether hepatitis C can be transmitted through sexual contact transmission is still uncertain.

What are the modes of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases

4. Maternal to Child Transmission

(1) Intrafetal infection: Treponema pallidum, AIDS virus, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus can infect the fetus through the placenta, causing intrauterine infection. Fetal infections generally occur after 4 months of pregnancy. AIDS virus can enter the amniotic cavity through the chorioamnion, and then be infected through the intestinal tract by swallowing amniotic fluid by the fetus, or directly through the mucosa, or the virus can be infected through the blood through the placental syncytium trophoblast. Syphilis infection through the placenta can cause fetal miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, or postnatal death. Even if the baby is alive, it often causes diseases such as deformities and intellectual disabilities. Fetal transmission of herpes simplex virus can cause fetal death, miscarriage, malformations, encephalitis, intrauterine growth retardation, cataracts, congenital heart disease, etc.

(2) Birth canal infection: Although some STDs cannot be transmitted through the placenta, infections can occur when the fetus passes through the birth canal, such as neonatal gonococcal ophthalmia, non gonococcal infant conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia, etc. HIV can also be transmitted to the fetus through the mother's birth canal.

(3) Postpartum infection: Postpartum breastfeeding and close contact between mother and baby can cause infant infection. If the mother is HIV infected, consuming human milk containing HIV can cause the baby to become infected.

5. Iatrogenic transmission

Improper disinfection of medical instruments can cause iatrogenic infections. It is mainly the syringes, surgical instruments and other medical instruments that pierce the skin or mucous membrane that are not disinfected or not completely disinfected, causing the spread among patients, doctors and patients, especially the spread of AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

6. Artificial insemination, organ transplantation, and sexual violence

Artificial insemination and organ transplantation can cause the spread of STD, especially HIV. Children or adults who are raped may sometimes become infected with sexually transmitted diseases.