Post Date May, 14 2023
AIDS is an infectious disease that has no effective treatment at present, and prevention should be given priority. If you suspect that you are infected with AIDS, First, you can review whether you have engaged in dangerous behavior (Mainly prostitution, prostitution, sexual contact with multiple people, anal communication, and other unclean needles, intravenous drug use, blood and blood products that may be contaminated, not strictly disinfected needles, and other instruments that may cause bleeding. Handshaking, etiquette kissing, sharing clothes, gloves, socks, sharing phones, hugging, sharing toilets, sharing tables, chairs, benches, sharing books, pens, paper, sharing meals, sharing swimming pools, baths, mosquitoes, etc.) Bites will not be infected with HIV.
After HIV enters the human body, the human body has no abnormal feeling. In the first few years, there may be no symptoms and the appearance looks completely normal. They work and live without any symptoms. People infected with AIDS have symptoms after an average of 7-10 years.
A few weeks (4-8 weeks) of HIV infection may lead to acute early symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, rashes, night sweats, headache, cough, etc. Some are similar to the common cold. People with high-risk behaviors have the following symptoms: long-term low fever, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, cough, night sweats, etc., are highly likely to be infected with AIDS.
Presentation of AIDS performance in different periods
(1) Skin damage during acute infection of AIDS
Skin mucosa is one of the main parts of AIDS invasion. The main manifestation of skin damage is a rash, mostly non itchy erythematous papules, occasionally diffuse urticaria or water blisters. The rash occurs mostly on the face and trunk, and in severe cases, it can appear throughout the body. Many AIDS patients are the first manifestation of skin damage.
(2) Systemic manifestations of acute AIDS infection
Systemic manifestations include fever, sore throat, night sweats, joint pain, lymph node enlargement, and hepatosplenomegaly. Chronic diarrhea is also a very significant early clinical manifestation of some AIDS patients. The most common clinical manifestation of AIDS patients is recurrent low fever, accompanied by chills, emaciation, fatigue, weight loss (5~22kg), lethargy, inability to support normal physical activities, and no reason for fever, diarrhea, weight loss.
(3) Central nervous system manifestations during acute infection
About 9% of patients with neurological damage may present with acute HIV meningitis, clinically characterized by fever, headache, vomiting, and meningeal irritation. Cerebrospinal fluid examination shows an increase in monocytes and protein content. The above performance can recover on its own after 2-3 weeks. The clinical manifestation is that 20%~40% of AIDS patients have neurological diseases. Neurodisorder is considered to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. The manifestations of the central nervous system coexist with those caused by various opportunistic infections, commonly subacute encephalitis.
(4) Lymph node enlargement during acute infection
Systemic lymphadenopathy in high-risk patients that cannot be explained for other reasons is related to HIV infection, with a high probability of 55%~100%. The degree of lymph node enlargement is related to the serum AIDS antibody titer, which is often found in the cervical, submandibular or axillary lymph nodes. The swollen lymph nodes are not fused, hard, occasionally tender, and the surface of the skin remains unchanged.
2。 incubation period
The incubation period, also known as the asymptomatic infection period, can be asymptomatic for infected individuals, but the incubation period is not a resting period, let alone a safe period. The virus continues to reproduce and has a highly destructive effect. Latent expectation refers to the time from HIV infection to AIDS clinical manifestations and signs. The average incubation period of AIDS is now considered to be 2 to 10 years. This poses great challenges for early detection and prevention of patients. After incubation period, 50% of people will develop AIDS within 8 years. According to reports, from 1 year to 7 years, the proportion of virus infection to onset is 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The incubation period of AIDS in children is short, with an average of 12 months. At this time, using sensitive methods to detect the amount of virus nuclear awakening in the serous fluid of AIDS infected people can predict the probability of onset within 5 years.
3。 Pre AIDS
After the incubation period, there are significant AIDS related manifestations and signs, which are called AIDS related syndrome by some people, and persistent systemic lymphadenopathy by others. The main manifestation is: persistent lymphadenopathy, starting from the neck, followed by axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Generally, there are few cases where two or more lymph nodes are enlarged. Lose more than 10% of weight. Periodic fever (around 38 degrees Celsius), often lasting for several months. Stealing sweat at night. Infections such as herpes simplex virus and Candida albicans (fungi) occur.
4。 Typical period of AIDS
The immune system is severely damaged and prone to various fatal opportunistic infections, tumors, etc. The surface of the lesion includes the lungs, oral cavity, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, heart, kidneys, eyes, joints, skin, etc. Patients with opportunistic infections have an average survival period of 9 months.
AIDS is not insurmountable. If we can find the early performance of AIDS in time and establish the correct self-confidence, AIDS will be treated well. Of course, we pay attention to AIDS, grasp the early performance of AIDS, and apply it to practice.
What is the mode of transmission of AIDS
1. Touch propagation: includes touching between similarities and differences. There is a greater risk of infection. There are many viruses in semen and vaginal secretions of AIDS infected people. During the activity (), due to the conflict of cross parts, it is easy to cause minor damage to genital mucosa. The virus enters the blood of uninfected people by taking advantage of weakness. It is worth mentioning that the rectal wall is more easily damaged than the vaginal wall, so the risk of anal intercourse is greater than that of vaginal intercourse.
2. Blood transmission: ① Infected blood and blood products contaminated with HIV ② Intravenous drug users infected with HIV, unsterilized needles and syringes ③ Sharing other medical equipment and daily necessities (sharing toothbrushes, razors, etc. with infected individuals) can also infect damaged areas, but it is rare. ④ Syringes and needles are not thoroughly disinfected or not disinfected, especially for children. Dental equipment, delivery equipment, surgical instruments, and needles that pose a greater risk of one injection per person are not disinfected thoroughly. Treatment needles for hairdressing, beauty (eyebrows, ears, etc.), tattoos, and other cutting tools, needles, and bathroom pedicure knives that are not disinfected are not disinfected and are shared with others Blood and blood products of blood donors not seen by HIV antibody of shaver or shared toothbrush, and movement value of bone marrow and organs in similar cases
3. Maternal to child transmission: also known as perinatal transmission, refers to the transmission of HIV by a mother to a fetus or baby before, during, and shortly after delivery. It can be transmitted through the placenta, or during labor through the birth canal, or through breastfeeding.
