Post Date April, 15 2023
Semen abnormalities can be divided into two types: abnormal sperm and abnormal sperm. The former refers to the amount of sperm, abnormal color and abnormal quality, while the latter refers to the amount of sperm, abnormal quality and uneven shape.
Now it is divided into:
Ａ。 Hyperspermia and hypospermia: Generally, the normal amount of semen discharged at one time is 2~6 ml, less than 1.5 ml is hypospermia, more than 6 ml is hypospermia, and increased semen is not equal to increased sperm.
Ｂ。 Blood essence: blood is mixed in semen, and blood can be seen in semen with naked eyes in severe cases, called; Blood essence of naked eye; Mild disease is invisible to the naked eye, but red blood cells can be seen with the help of a microscope, called; Blood essence under microscope.
Ｃ。 Non-liquefaction of semen: Generally, normal semen is uniformly flowing liquid. If the semen in vitro still does not liquefy or still contains liquefied agglomerates at room temperature (22~25 ℃) for 60 minutes, it is called; Nonliquefaction of semen will affect sperm agglutination or immobilization, and slow or inhibit sperm normal movement.
Ｄ。 Spermatopenia and spermatozoosis: Generally, the number of sperm contained in the normal semen at a time is 20 million to 200 million/ml. Spermatopenia is defined as the number of sperm less than 20 million/ml. Spermatopenia is defined as the number of sperm more than 300 million/ml.
Ｅ。 Azoospermia: those who have not found sperm in three semen tests are azoospermia, and azoospermia is divided into; Congenital azoospermia and; There are two types of obstructive azoospermia, the former refers to the atrophy and degeneration of testicular spermatogenic cells, which cannot produce sperm; The latter refers to that the testicles can produce sperm, but the vas deferens are blocked and cannot discharge sperm.
Ｆ。 Dead sperm disease: the survival rate of sperm in semen is reduced, and those with more than 40% dead sperm found in semen examination are dead sperm disease, also known as dead sperm excess disease. However, due to improper examination methods or failure to collect semen according to normal methods, the increase of artificially dead sperm is called pseudospermia, which must be identified.
Ｇ。 Sperm malformation: more than 20% of abnormal sperm in semen, including abnormal morphology of head, body and tail, or mixed malformation of head and body.
Ｈ。 Sperm agglutination disease: due to the presence of sperm antibodies, sperm agglutination is caused by sperm agglutination. According to sperm agglutination test and post-sexual intercourse test, sperm agglutination disease is identified as sperm agglutination disease, which must be distinguished from non-liquefaction of seminal vesicle.
Ｉ。 Abnormality of sperm motility: sperm motility can be classified into 5 levels, and level 0 is inactivity; Level 1 is poor mobility, and sperm can only move or rotate in situ; Level 2 is moderately active; Level 4 is good mobility, and sperm moves forward in a straight line actively; Grade 3 is between grade 2 and grade 4, indicating good sperm activity.
Sperm abnormalities can be diagnosed only after laboratory examination. Sperm abnormalities are often the main cause of male infertility, and it is more difficult to treat the general male sexual dysfunction.
Physiological data of normal semen, the normal values should be: semen volume (2-6 ml), semen pH (7.2-7.8), semen liquefaction time (20 minutes of complete liquefaction), sperm volume (20 million - 200 million/ml), sperm motility (forward sperm motility, not less than 60% in the first hour, not less than 50% in the second to third hours), sperm survival rate (not more than 50% of dead sperm), sperm morphology (not less than 70% of normal sperm) Semen acid phosphatase (25-60000 units/ml), semen fructose (150-800 mg/100 ml).
