Post Date April, 15 2023
Urine is a barometer of the health status of patients with kidney disease, and the color of urine also represents different physical conditions. Normal urine is light yellow in color. The pigment in urine mainly comes from uroflavin and a small amount of urobilin and urorubin, which are products of the body's new metabolism. When drinking less water or sweating more, urine volume decreases and urine concentration becomes dark yellow. When drinking a large amount of water, urine volume increases and urine dilutes, resulting in a lighter urine color.
The color of normal urine can be influenced by certain foods and medications. If you consume a large amount of carrots and take vitamin B, your urine will turn bright yellow. When taking levofloxacin and rhubarb, the urine appears dark yellow or brownish brown: aminophenidate can make the urine appear light blue, methylene blue can make the urine appear blue-green; Injecting phenol red can make alkaline urine turn pink; Normal fresh urine is transparent; After shaking, there is a small amount of white or light yellow foam, which may appear slightly turbid after being placed, because there are salts in the urine after cooling; Alkaline urine is prone to precipitation of phosphate and carbonate crystals, resulting in a grayish white and cloudy urine. Acidic urine is prone to precipitation of urate crystals, causing the urine to appear light red and cloudy. Phosphate and carbonate crystals disappear after adding acetic acid, making urine clear again. urate crystals also disappear after heating or adding alkali, making urine clear. Only urine that cannot be cleared by heating or adding acid is considered pathological urine changes.
Diabetes insipidus: due to the increase of urine volume and dilution of urine in diabetes, the color of urine is light or even colorless; Fever, dehydration, or other diseases that cause hypermetabolism can cause concentrated urine or an increase in metabolic products in the urine, resulting in a darkened or orange yellow color of the urine.
Hepatocellular obstructive or hemolytic jaundice: the urine contains a large amount of direct bilirubin, and urinary bilirubin and biliverdin also increase. The urine can be yellow brown, chartreuse to brown green, and more yellow foam will be produced after oscillation.
Urinary system stones, tuberculosis, tumor and acute nephritis: when hematuria occurs, the urine is red. Urine with a blood content exceeding 1 milliliter per liter can turn red, medically known as naked eye hematuria. Due to different amounts of bleeding, it can appear light brownish red, cloudy, meat washing water samples, or mixed with blood clots. Certain hemorrhagic diseases, such as thrombocytopenic purpura; Red hematuria can also occur in allergic purpura.
When a large number of red blood cells in the blood vessels are destroyed, free hemoglobin is excreted through the glomeruli to form hemoglobinuria. This type of urine is dark brown or soy sauce, characterized by no red blood cells on microscopic examination of urine sediment, but a positive reaction on occult blood test. Clinically, it is commonly seen in fava bean disease, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, malignant malaria, transfusion reactions with incompatible blood types, and some hemolytic diseases. If the urine is acidic during urinary tract bleeding, there will be an increase in hematin the urine; Melanoma or other diseases with melanosis, where melanin appears in the urine; During acidosis, hydroquinone and catecholamines are excreted in the urine, which can be brown or brownish black in color.
Chyluria caused by filariasis or other causes of urinary tract chylous fistula is white turbid urine. The pyuria caused by pyogenic infection of urinary system, as well as in fracture, diabetes, phosphorus poisoning, arsenic poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning and nephrotic syndrome, the urine contains a large number of fat particles. The appearance of fatty urine is the same as that of chyluria; This type of urine is different from milky white turbid urine produced by salt precipitation in urine, and there is no change in adding acid or heating. When your urine is abnormal, such as color change, foam in urine, decreased urine volume, and odor change, please consult a professional doctor for answers and guidance.
