Post Date August, 26 2023
Ovarian cancer is a major disease we are familiar with, and it is also a gynecological malignant tumor with a high incidence rate. We should pay attention to this disease, especially in the daily life.
Ovarian cancer high-risk population
1. Women over 50 years old with amenorrhea.
2. Unmarried or late married, infertile or undernourished, and non lactating women.
3. Infertility patients who use ovulation promoting drugs.
4. Women who enjoy eating a high fat, high protein, and high calorie diet.
5. Women with hereditary ovarian family history, breast cancer family history, and nonpolyposis colon cancer family history.
Ovarian cancer type
1. Serous Cystadenocarcinoma: The most common malignant ovarian tumor. 2/3 is bilateral, and its cancer cells are often characterized by the formation of cysts and nipples, but still retain their original tissue morphology. Some have formed a large number of regular small cystic cavities, and sometimes the epithelium will protrude into the cavity to form epithelial clusters or nipples.
2. Mucous Cystadenocarcinoma: multilocular and less bilateral, but Ovarian mucinous tumor of ovary is more benign, about 5%~40%. The appearance is smooth, circular or lobulated, with cystic and multilocular sections, accompanied by solid areas. Papillae can be seen on the inner wall of the cyst, but they are less common than serous cancer. The cystic cavity contains bloody colloidal mucus, and hemorrhage and necrosis are common in the solid area. Under the microscope, the characteristics are: ① more than 3 epithelial layers; ② severe atypical epithelial hyperplasia with abnormal mucus secretion; ③ glandular leaning back; ④ active division; ⑤ interstitial infiltration.
3. Malignant endometrial carcinoma: 55% to 60% of the tumors are unilateral, cystic or mostly solid, with mostly bloody cystic fluid and sometimes accompanied by chocolate cysts. Smooth or nodular appearance or surface nipple growth. The microscopic appearance is similar to endometrial cancer, with common squamous metaplasia.
4. Malignant clear cell tumors: Most of them are cystic and solid, with less hard texture and toughness, varying in size, and are mostly unilateral, with a bilateral rate of 24%. The cut surface is fish like or light yellow. Often accompanied by bleeding and necrosis. Careful examination often reveals endometriosis. Microscopically, clear cells, shoe nail cells and Eosinophil can be seen. The nucleus is irregular with visible cracks.
Etiology of ovarian cancer
1. Family genetics: A family history of ovarian cancer is a high-risk factor for the occurrence of ovarian cancer. Patients who develop ovarian cancer before the age of 50 often have a family history of ovarian cancer. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer have a significantly increased risk of developing ovarian cancer before the age of 70, and some patients have ovarian cancer inherited by parents' specific genetic genes (BRCA1/BRCA2 genes). Due to the structural and functional abnormalities of these genes, carriers have a much higher risk of developing ovarian cancer than the general population.
