In the laboratory of the hospital, there are "three elders": blood routine, urine routine, and fecal routine. You should know that those who can be respectfully called "elders" and also be crowned with such titles as "several big" are by no means ordinary people.
Among them, urine routine is such a veritable expert.
The most elusive aspect of kidney disease is its concealment.
At first, the patient may not have any symptoms - strong legs and feet, delicious food, and satisfactory results. The appearance of urine is no different from that of normal people. It wasn't until one day when I felt slightly unwell that I went for an examination that I suddenly discovered that I had nephritis, renal insufficiency, or even uremia!
Urine routine This elder holds a "demon mirror". In front of it, many hidden early kidney diseases will reveal their true colors.
There are nearly 20 items in urine routine, large and small. For chronic kidney disease, the most important indicators are urinary protein and red blood cells.
Protein in urine
The kidneys are not only diligent, but also clever in their work.
When it helps the body filter blood and remove waste, it carefully selects useful substances to leave behind, such as proteins.
The protein excreted in the 24-hour urine of normal people will not exceed 100mg, and the urine routine examination sheet shows "-". If the protein in 24-hour urine exceeds 150 mg, it is called proteinuria. On the routine urine list, "trace" or "+" will be marked+ The greater the amount, the more protein content in the urine.
"However, there is protein in the urine, especially if there is more than one protein in the urine, or if there is a protein in the urine after multiple tests, it indicates that there may be something wrong with the urinary system. At this time, it is time to go to the hospital and see a nephrologist to clarify the cause.".
It should be noted that some normal people may also temporarily develop urinary protein during severe exercise, fever, dehydration, stress, and large amounts of protein consumption, which is called physiological proteinuria. When life returns to normal, this+will soon return to normal, don't worry. In this case, urinary protein usually does not exceed a+.
Presence of red blood cells in the urine
When the kidneys filter blood, red blood cells naturally cannot be easily discarded.
Red blood cells rarely appear in the urine of normal people.
In routine urine examination, there are three indicators that reflect red blood cells: urine occult blood, flow cytometry, and microscopic examination of red blood cells.
Of the three, the most confusing one is urine occult blood.
A positive urine occult blood does not necessarily mean that the urine is bleeding. Its detection method relies on whether the test paper is discolored to produce results. However, in addition to red blood cells, if myoglobin and hemoglobin are present in the urine, or even if vitamin C is consumed in large amounts before a urine test, it may be mistaken for "hematuria.".
Flow cytometry detects red blood cells by counting them with a machine, which is more reliable than occult blood in urine. "Not without error (if there are components in the urine that are similar in shape and size to red blood cells, they may be mistaken for red blood cells and included in the count), but in clinical practice, if it indicates an increase in red blood cells, it can basically be considered true.".
Generally speaking, the normal value of flow cytometry red blood cell detection is 0 to 25 cells/microliter.
Microscopic examination of red blood cells relies on the counting of red blood cells from the human eye. Seeing is believing. If a doctor sees a certain amount of red blood cells under a high power microscope, it can undoubtedly be considered hematuria!
Increased urinary red blood cells suggest that there may be diseases of the kidney or urinary system, such as nephritis, urinary stones or space occupying lesions, urinary tract infections, etc. The cause also needs to be further clarified in the department of nephrology or urology.
When urinary protein and red blood cells are both positive, it indicates that patients have a greater likelihood of kidney disease, especially nephritis.
If there are any abnormalities in your routine urine tests, you can also long press the QR code below, take a photo, and upload the test results. First, ask the doctor on WeChat