Post Date June, 18 2023
In recent years, the prevalence of AIDS in China has shown new characteristics. More than 90% of AIDS cases are rapidly rising through sexual transmission. According to authoritative data, from January to October 2015, there were 9 new cases of HIV infection in China, 7000 of which 14200 were young people aged 15-24. AIDS has quietly entered university campuses, and the number of newly discovered young people infected has tripled in five years.
How AIDS came into being
The outer lipoproteins of AIDS virus (HIV) are embedded in gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins. The 120CD glycoprotein on the surface of gp lymphocytes is hydrophilic and can bind specifically to it; Gp41 mediates the fusion of viral envelope and host cell membrane fusion. HIV can selectively invade CD4+lymphocytes after reaching the bloodstream through skin mucosal damage or blood.
After HIV invades CD4+lymphocytes, DNA is synthesized under the action of viral reverse transcriptase. The virus is integrated into the chromosomes of the host cell, and the DNA can replicate within the cell, form a complete viral body, and be released outside the cell. The cell dies, infects new cells, and can also be in a latent infection state, entering offspring cells with cell division.
In the early stages of infection, HIV replicates extensively, resulting in viremia and capsid antigen p. Clinical manifestations of acute HIV infection are characterized by a large amount of replication within HIV cells, leading to damage and death of CD4+lymphocytes, and a significant decrease in CD4+T cells. However, under the immune action of the body, CD8+CTL is activated, killing HIV infected cells while producing anti HIV antibodies, rapidly clearing viremia, and increasing the number of CD4+lymphocytes.
How many ways does AIDS spread?
HIV AIDS patients and infected people's blood, semen, vaginal secretions, tears, urine, milk, cerebrospinal fluid HIV carriers are infectious, mainly through sexual contact transmission, followed by blood transmission, such as drug users and HIV infected blood or blood products, contact with HIV infected people's blood and mucus.
1. Sexual transmission: HIV can be transmitted through sex. When the genitals suffer from sexually transmitted diseases (such as syphilis, gonorrhea, genital warts) or ulcers, the risk of contracting the virus increases. HIV infected people have a large number of viruses in their semen or vaginal secretions, which can be transmitted through anal and vaginal sexual intercourse. The probability of oral transmission is relatively small. HIV may be transmitted through blood or semen unless a healthy person has a wound or rupture in his or her mouth.
