The diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia can be established by the corresponding symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, palpable enlargement of the prostate through the digital examination of the anus by a clinician, and B-type ultrasound examination of the prostate if necessary to confirm the enlargement of the prostate. It can be seen that the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia is not difficult or complex. However, if it is necessary to correctly determine the extent of BPH and its impact on renal function and overall health, and more importantly, to select appropriate treatment options, it is very important to conduct a more comprehensive examination. The following are detailed descriptions.
1. Physical examination: Check whether the patient is unresponsive, has anemia, and has edema. Hypertension (clues to identify or exclude early uremia); Whether there is a mass in the abdomen and its location (determining the compensatory or decompensated period of urinary tract obstruction); Whether there is secretion in the urethra, and whether the epididymis is swollen (to determine whether there is concurrent infection).
2. Digital examination of the anus: check the tension of the anal sphincter (to distinguish neurogenic bladder) and the condition of the prostate, pay attention to the size of the prostate, whether the central sulcus has disappeared, whether there are nodules, prostate stiffness, and tenderness.
3. Laboratory examination: Pay attention to the presence of urinary tract infections during routine urine examination; Routine blood and biochemical tests: decreased hemoglobin and elevated urea nitrogen indicate uremia.
4. Renal function test: Elevated urea nitrogen and creatinine indicate impaired renal function.
5. Ultrasound examination: It can determine the size of benign prostatic hyperplasia, whether there is residual urine in the bladder, and the amount.
6. Urinary flow rate examination can measure the function of the lower urinary tract.
7. X-ray examination: It can understand the condition of the prostate itself and determine the impact of prostate obstruction on the urinary tract.
8. Isotopic renogram examination: Understand the condition of urinary tract obstruction and renal function.
9. Cystourethroscopy: It can confirm the diagnosis and observe the hyperplasia of the middle lobe, as well as understand the pathological changes of the lower urinary tract.
10. Prostate biopsy: Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with nodules should undergo a biopsy if necessary to diagnose or exclude prostate cancer.