March 12, 2015 is the 10th "World Kidney Day", which was jointly proposed by the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Nephrology Foundations (IFKF) in 2006 and is scheduled to be established on the second Thursday of March each year. Its purpose is to raise people's awareness of the high incidence rate and mortality of chronic kidney disease and its related cardiovascular diseases; Let people realize that early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease is an urgent global issue to be addressed. Every year, World Kidney Disease Day has a theme, and this year's theme is "Kidney health for all".
Kidney disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease that endangers human health. According to statistics, there are about 119.5 million patients with chronic kidney disease in China, with significant differences in prevalence among different regions, with a total prevalence rate of 10.8%. At the same time, various drug-related acute renal injury is also a medical issue that cannot be ignored in China. The public has little understanding and low awareness of kidney disease, and it is generally believed that "low back pain" is the manifestation of kidney disease; At the same time, the onset of kidney disease is relatively hidden, with no obvious clinical manifestations, and is easily overlooked. Patients often have relatively serious kidney damage when seeking medical treatment due to "edema, dizziness, and fatigue.".
For the general public, it should be done as follows: 1. Drink adequate water every day without holding back urine, keep the urinary tract unblocked, pay attention to personal hygiene, and avoid urinary tract infections; 2. Exercise your body, strengthen your physique, stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption, avoid salty diets, and change bad living habits; 3. Conduct regular physical examination, pay attention to routine urine examination, pay attention to blood pressure, renal function, and urinary ultrasound results; 4. Use drugs according to medical advice, do not abuse anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, and antibiotics that can damage the kidneys, and do not indiscriminately take health care drugs; 5. Step out of the misconception that "traditional Chinese medicine has no side effects", and take traditional Chinese medicine should be prescribed by a regular medical institution. Do not eat Chinese herbal medicines of unknown origin (especially certain traditional Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid); 6. Do not believe in folk formulas such as "fish bile clearing fire" that harm the kidney.
For patients with diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity, hyperuricemia and other symptoms such as increased nocturia, excessive urination and foam, edema, hematuria, low back pain, dizziness and fatigue, and vision abnormalities, they should go to the regular hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible. Especially for patients with diabetes, it is recommended that diabetes kidney disease screening should be carried out regularly every year. Among them, type 1 diabetes should be initially screened five years after diagnosis; Type 2 diabetes screening should be started immediately after diagnosis. Screening indicators should include random urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Once microalbuminuria is diagnosed, special treatment for diabetes nephropathy should be started immediately. Early treatment has a one-third chance to reverse albuminuria and effectively prevent or delay the progress of diabetes nephropathy. For patients with hypertension, active and effective control of blood pressure is the fundamental measure to avoid or alleviate renal damage. Hypertension patients need to be treated hierarchically and set different blood pressure reduction goals for different populations; In recent years, regular 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has also been advocated to evaluate the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy; If there are no contraindications, RAS system blockers are preferred for antihypertensive treatment. It is recommended to take about 40 minutes of physical exercise every day and adhere to it five days a week to improve cardiovascular fitness.
For patients with diagnosed chronic kidney disease, the following points should be emphasized: 1. Actively controlling blood pressure; 2. RAS (Renin Angiotensin System) blockers have both hypotensive and urinary protein control effects, and are widely used in kidney diseases. However, renal function and electrolyte changes should be strictly monitored during use; 3. Good control of blood sugar in patients with diabetes nephropathy can delay the development of nephropathy; 4. Low salt and low protein diet; 5. Paying attention to the treatment of lowering blood fat; 6. Correct anemia and mineral metabolism disorders; 7. The treatment of kidney disease is a long-term process, and regular follow-up and regular treatment should be carried out. Do not stop taking drugs on your own; 8. Do not believe in partial prescriptions, and do not seek medical attention in an urgent manner to avoid delaying your illness.