Post Date April, 15 2023
1、 Testicular disease
The incidence of azoospermia is significantly higher in people with a history of testicular dystrophy (i.e., abnormal testicular descent to the scrotum), and the incidence of azoospermia in patients with bilateral testicular dystrophy is two times higher than in patients with unilateral testicular dystrophy. Even if there are sperm in these patients, the semen quality is abnormal, especially the rate of oligospermia is significantly increased.
Testicular injury. Here, only those infertile patients with scrotal hematoma or hematuria are recorded, indicating testicular or genitourinary tract injury. The incidence of azoospermia or semen abnormalities in these patients has increased significantly.
Few people have a history of testicular torsion, but azoospermia and oligospermia are common complications.
Patients with orchitis and epididymitis that have been caused by non parotitis have significantly decreased sperm density and motility. This type of patient has a smaller testicular volume and a higher incidence of accessory prostatitis.
2、 Urogenital Diseases
In the entire population, the incidence of azoospermia in people with sexually transmitted diseases is similar to those without the disease, but the incidence of abnormal semen analysis in the former is significantly higher than that in the latter. Sexually transmitted diseases do not appear to affect sperm density, indicating that they do not cause stenosis or blockage of the vas deferens. Patients with sexually transmitted diseases typically exhibit a decrease in sperm activity, which is related to dysfunction of the accessory glands, especially epididymitis.
Inflammation of the genitourinary system is often accompanied by urethral symptoms, including painful urination, frequent urination, urgency, hematuria, and difficulty urinating. These patients often have abnormal semen quality, especially low sperm morphology and motility. Among patients with symptoms of the urinary system, 27% have abnormal prostate fluid test results, or abnormal semen bacteriology or biochemical tests, indicating that some of them suffer from accessory gland inflammation.
3、 Other system diseases
The occurrence of mumps before and after puberty can increase the incidence of azoospermia and can be accompanied by a higher likelihood of abnormal semen. The sperm density of post pubertal onset patients is significantly lower than that of non onset or pre pubertal onset patients. There are only 4 patients with mumps. 4% of people have orchitis, most of which occur after puberty. Testitis, especially bilateral orchitis, significantly affects semen quality and can cause azoospermia. Whether it is unilateral or bilateral orchitis, there is an increase in semen abnormalities. In summary, parotitis combined with orchitis can have adverse effects on fertility.
Bronchitis, especially bronchiectasis, is often a clinical manifestation of systemic ciliary dysfunction. The incidence of azoospermia is significantly higher in these patients. "The testicular texture, volume, and biopsy findings of all these patients are normal, indicating that azoospermia is caused by obstruction of the vas deferens.". The abnormal rate of semen analysis in patients with tracheitis is higher, and the average sperm density and the proportion of sperm moving forward are lower.
Diabetes is related to ejaculatory dysfunction and does not cause azoospermia or abnormal semen quality, so the impact of diabetes on fertility is caused by sexual dysfunction.
The abnormal rate of semen in patients with a history of high fever within 6 months is significantly higher, especially in patients with a significantly lower sperm density than those without a recent history of fever, but the incidence of azoospermia is not significantly increased. The most suitable temperature for testicular spermatogenesis is known to be 33 ° C. When testicular temperature rises, it can damage testicular spermatogenesis. When fever exceeds 38 ° C, it can cause a temporary decrease in semen quality and fertility.
Patients with neurological disorders often exhibit ejaculatory dysfunction, but the incidence of azoospermia and abnormal semen quality has not increased.
(Intern Editor: Cai Junyi)
