Post Date April, 15 2023
Nephrotic syndrome can lead to many complications, which is also the most painful part for kidney disease patients. Moreover, when the disease occurs, some patients are unaware of it, thereby delaying the timing of treatment. Below, we will introduce some of the most common complications of nephrotic syndrome, hoping to provide some help to friends with kidney disease.
(1) Infection:
Due to the loss of a large amount of immunoglobulin from urine, plasma proteins decrease, affecting antibody formation. The application of adrenocortical hormones and cytotoxic drugs reduces the overall resistance of patients, making them highly susceptible to infections such as skin infections, primary peritonitis, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and even sepsis.
(2) Coronary heart disease:
Patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulable blood, making them prone to coronary heart disease. Some people have reported that the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with nephrotic syndrome is 8 times higher than in normal individuals. Coronary heart disease has become the third cause of death in nephrotic syndrome (second only to infection and renal failure).
(3) Thrombosis:
Patients with nephrotic syndrome are prone to thrombosis, especially membranous nephropathy, with an incidence rate of up to 25% to 40%. The causes of thrombosis include edema, low patient activity, venous stasis, hyperlipidemia, increased viscosity due to blood concentration, high fibrinogen content, and increased levels of factors v, VII, VIII, and X, as well as the use of adrenal cortical hormones, which can easily lead to hypercoagulable blood.
(4) Acute renal failure:
Patients with nephrotic syndrome often experience low blood volume and hypercoagulability due to excessive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. When vomiting, diarrhea, and the use of antihypertensive drugs and diuretics for diuresis can cause a sudden decrease in renal blood perfusion, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and acute renal failure. In addition, acute renal failure can also be induced by factors such as renal interstitial edema and protein concentration forming tubular blockages in nephrotic syndrome.
(5) Electrolytes and metabolic disorders:
Repeated use of diuretics or prolonged unreasonable salt restriction can lead to secondary hyponatremia in patients with nephrotic syndrome; The use of adrenal cortical hormones and a large amount of diuretics can lead to excessive urination. If potassium is not replenished in a timely manner, it is easy to develop hypokalemia.
When complications of nephrotic syndrome occur, it indicates that the condition of nephrotic patients has begun to worsen and is gradually deteriorating. At this point, as a patient friend, it is important to start paying attention. The old disease has not been eliminated, and new diseases are increasing, which poses a great threat to our lives.
